Roman Emperor List

Reign

Common Name
(born - died)

Full Name / Imperial Name

Dynasty/Class/Notes

Augustus (c. 63 BC - 14 AD)
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus / Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus
Julio-Claudian; adopted nephew of Julius Caesar, winner at Battle of Actium, married Livia, mother of Tiberius, enacted laws to encourage marriage and childbearing, saw Rome as not having family values and enacted laws to encourage them. Died either by natural causes of illness or poisoned by Livia to guarantee her sons ascension to Emporer after the death of all of Augustus' natural children with his previous wife, Scribonia. Great time of political and social intrigue. Adopted Tiberius without great enthusiasm in need of a male heir. Attractive and charismatic, Augustus Caesar was a successful ruler and lived long enough to assure his family as the hereditary emperors of Rome.

Tiberius( c. 42 BC - 37 AD)
Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar / Tiberius Caesar Augustus
Julio-Claudian, married to Julia, daughter of Augustus Caesar for political reasons, the reluctant emperor, but quite capable military leader, Tiberius spent much if his time in self-imposed exile in Capri, where rumors abounded he lived the life of a paedolphile. He was known for his excess and sexual depravity. Is known in history as a tyrannical leader who had all threats to him, real or imaginary, exiled, killed or forced to commit suicide. Treason trials were common and resumed under his great-nephew Nero.

Gaius (Caligula)(c. 12 - 41)
Gaius Caesar Germanicus / Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Julio-Claudian, the mad emperor, was killed by his own Praetorian Guard in an assassination, killed one of his wives while pregnant, liked to dress up as a god and sometimes cross dressed as a goddess, held dinner parties for his horse, Invictius and threatened to make horse Consul of Rome. Known for insanity and excess.Hiuge fan of chariot racing and was known to attend them regularly and even race himself. When there was a shortage of meat for the gladiatorial games, he has criminals served to the wild beasts as meals and for sport. Enjoyed bloody spectacles immensely, was killed by his own guard in a plot to rid the Empire of the lunatic emperor,

Claudius(c. 10 BC - 54 AD)
Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus / Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Julio-Claudian, declared emperor by Praetorian guard while hiding after Caligula's murder. Suffered from cerebral palsy but was incredibly learned man despite his stutter and lameness. Eventually married his niece Agrippina and adopted her son, Nero. Ever the gourmand, he was fatally poisoned by Agripinna with a mushroom so delicious looking he could not refuse. Avid patron of gladitatorial games, rumors circulated he had blood-lust. Responsible for the conquest of Britian.

Nero (c. 37 - 68)
Claudius Nero Caesar (born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) / Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Julio-Claudian, another madman, allegedly had an incestuous relationship with his mother. Was known for his lyre and poetry concerts which went on so long women feigned labor to leave early and men feigned epileptic fits to leave the audience. Husband of Poppaea. .Rome was destroyed by fire during his reign and no, he played the lyre, not the fiddle and was not even in Rome when it actually burned down, used the ruins to build his Golden House, a new palatial manse on the hills of Rome on the ruins of the 10 districts on Rome that burned down. Blamed the Christians for the fire, no one believed his blame-laying. Assasinated his mother eventually.

Galba (3 BC - 69 AD)
Servius Sulpicius Galba / Servius Galba Imperator Caesar Augustus
Year of the 4 Emperors, became emperor at the old age of 70 and was declared emperor in Cathargo Nova, the first emperor declared emperor when not in Rome. He was approved by the Roman Senate while in Spain and  arrived in Rome a spendthrift and stern disciplinarian in contrast with Nero. He chose corrupt officials and refused to pay his troops and returned all but 10% of the gifts given to Nero by people. The German legions led by Otho decided to overthrow him and Galba died by being carried to the Senate in a litter to meet his doom at the hand of the waiting legions of Otho, who would replace him as emperor, briefly.

Otho (c. 32 - 69)
Marcus Salvius Otho / Imperator Marcus Otho Caesar Augustus
Year of the 4 Emperors, Otho was held is low regard by the Roman Senate for the violent way he usurped power and his close companionship with Nero, a bad emperor. He tried to avoid civil war by proposing to wed Vitellius' daughter and share power with Vitellius who had many legions under his control but failed to keep control and his position as leader of the roman empire, He honorably stabbed himself to death hearing Vitellius had arrived in Rome.

Vitellius (c. 15 - 69)
Aulus Vitellius / Aulus Vitellius Germanicus Imperator Augustus
Year of the 4 Emperors, not a military man, tried to abdicate the throne upon hearing the brutal and cruel Flavian forces were invading Italy from Germany and other areas with support for Vitellius as Imperator. He was found cowering in dirty clothes in the door-keepers lodge where he was dragged out, tortured, killed and then thrown in the Tiber, a poor emperor who died an utterly embarrassing death.

Vespasian (c. 9 - 79)
Titus Flavius Vespasianus / Imperator Vespasian Caesar Augustus
Year of the 4 Emperors / Flavian, a middle class origins, lived with his mistress Caenis openly and treated her as Empress. Was governor of Judea when the Jewish Revolt took place and captured Jerusalem with his son Titus. Responsible for building the Colosseum. Was a greedy financially exploitative emperor who took pains to assure his sons would follow him as emperor. Raised existing taxes and created new ones including one on public urinals. He died after an illness at the old age of 69 and had peaceful later years. Was known for his justice, leniency and good humor.

Titus (c. 39 - 79)
Titus Flavius Vespasianus / Imperator Titus Caesar Vespasianus Augustus
Flavian, captured Jeruslem in the Jewish War. Was excellent solider and senator. Shared seven consulships with his father and used his post as Praetorian commander to eliminate his father's rivals. Was Emperor when Pompeii and Herculaneum were destroyed by Mt. Vesuvius, provided disaster relief and visited the ruined cities twice. During his second visit to the disaster rined areas, Rome again caught fire and Titus used the fire as an opportunity to win public acclaim and held lavish games to improve Roman morale after a severe epidemic struck Rome sick. This immoral man became a fine and generous emporer and was struck down with malaria and had a sudden death leaving his brother in charge.

Domitian (c. 51 - 96)
Titus Flavius Domitianus / Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus
Flavian- complete autocrat, basically told Senators to sit there with their thumbs up their butts and ruled singlehandedly from palace. Tried to raise standards of public morality. Executed four of the six Vestal Virgins for incest or not being a virgin. Raised soldiers pay by 100 sesterces making him incredibly popular with the military. Could not defeat the Dacians. Used confiscations and taxation of build the Imperial coffer. Last four years of his regin were the "terror" when he turned on senators, knights, officials and ordered executions and exiles like burgers at a drive through. Conspirators, including his wife who encouraged the assassination, hacked him to death in his bedroom after court. Only the army mourned Domitian. The senate rejoiced as the elderly statesman Nerva was proclaimed Emperor.

Nerva(c.30 - 98)
Marcus Cocceius Nerva / Imperator Nerva Caesar Augustus
Adoptive (5 Good Emperors), was opposed by the military, pardoned many of those exiled under his predecessor, and tried to win poluarity wirh remissions and handouts adopted Trajan, a skilled general, in his last months of rule and lived out the rest of his reign in peace, died of a fever.

Trajan (c. 53 - 117)
Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus / Imperator Caesar Divi Nervae Filius Nerva Traianus
Adoptive (5 Good Emperors), greatest Roman borders were created under Trajan who pushed the Roman miliatary to its great gains and expansion, conquered those troublesome Dacians completely. Trajan's wife Plotina was praised for her humility and was awarded the title "Augusta" in her lifetime. Trajan was a manly man and much loved by his people and the military whom he served in and ruled while still emporer. He truly excelled in warfare and enjoyed the life and work of a soldier. Known for his building and the bridge across the Danube. Adopted the soldier Hadrian as a sucessor. Died of a stroke.

Hadrian (c. 76 - 138)
Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus / Imperator Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus
Adoptive (5 Good Emperors), served as a judge at the tender age of 15. Pulled the borders of the empire back to where they naturally should be according to the wishes of Augustus Caesar. Was a well-respected and liked ruler. Expanded the program of handouts and support for the urban poor children. Only emperor to make tours of the entire empire and see his entire empire for himself. Was known as a homosexual and Hellenophile though Athens was in decay at this time. Built the Pantheon in Rome. Dealt with and reimposed Roman rule in Judea after another uprising. Established city of Antinoopolis in Egypt in memory of a youth named Antinous who was his favorite companion. Suffered from illness at end of his reign and was prevented from suicide many times. He eventually turned over empire to Antonius Pius and died naturally at the resort of Baiae. Even after death, his ashes toured around until finally being buried in the Gardens of Domitia before his great tomb monument was completed by Antonius.

Antonius Pius (c. 86 - 161)
Titus Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Arrius Antoninus Pius / Imperator Titus Aelius Caesar Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius
Adoptive / Antonine (5 Good Emperors) Nothing happened. Shiny Happy Empire and People. He did a very good job and was above reproach. He redefines "Pax Romana" with the emphasis on "Pax". 

Marcus Aurelius (c. 121 - 180)
Marcus Annius Aurelius Verus (also Marcus Aurelius Antoninus) / Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus
Adoptive / Antonine (5 Good Emperors), emperor who knew only four years of peace, constant warfare plagued his empire on both the eastern and northern fronts. Sent his brother to the eastern front and handled the warfare against the German barbarians himself, Wrote his "Meditations" which give us a great glimpse into his pysche as a philosopher-emperor. Was addicted to a tincture of opium known as theriac and likely had lung or stomach cancer. Ruled during a plague epidemic and eventually died of the plague himself. Was a morose serious man who even dealt well with a conspiracy against him led by one of his generals and his own wife, Faustina, daughter of Antonius Pius.

Lucius Verus (co-emperor) (c. 130 - 169)
Lucius Ceionius Commodus / Imperator Caesar Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus
Adoptive / Antonine, fought on the Syrian front, had success from good generals, was loved by his brother despite his slacker and ladies man reputation, was known to be an able assistant to his brother Marcus Aurelius, died of a stroke in the East, leaving his capable brother to rule alone for the rest of his reign. First time Rome was co-ruled by two emperors.

 Commodus (c. 161 - 192)
Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus / Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus
Adoptive / Antonine, enjoyed Gladiatorial games so much be went into the arena as a Gladiator. First emperor to be born into the purple and raised to be emperor from birth in 80 years. Megalomaniac emperor who survived various plots against him and took on the persona of Hercules. Renamed all of the months after his own titles and tried to rename Rome itself after himself. Failed miserably and was killed by a gladiator as he prepared to take part in the games the next day.

Pertinax (c. 126 - 193)
Publius Helvius Pertinax / Imperator Caesar Publius Helvius Pertinax Augustus
Tried to correct problems too quickly and after buying his way into power with the bribery of the Praetorian Guard tried to cub it excesses once voted as Augustus byt the Senate and accused the aides of the previous emperor of embezzlement. Had neither the time nor the wisdom to make a great emperor as he ruled for only 87 days before 300 disgruntled Roman soldiers struck him dead.

 Didius Julianus (c. 133 - 193)
Marcus Didius Severus Julianus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Didius Severus Julianus Augustus
.Only became emperor because he had backing of Praetorian Guard, Senate condemned him to death and deified Pertinax upon his death

Septimus Severus(c. 145 - 211)
Lucius Septimius Severus / Imperator Caesar Lucius Septimius Severus Pertinax Augustus
Severan, first emperor of North African origin. Executed those who had assassinated Pertinax with his own men. Wife was the formidiable Julia Domna. Was sucessful in dealing with threats both from rivals and civilly sucessful.

Penscennius Niger (c. [135 - 140?] - 195)
Gaius Pescennius Niger
Emperor in Syria, acclaimed emperor by the Eastern legions. was defeated by Severus' Nothern legions.

Clodius Albinus  (c. [140 -150?] - 197)
Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus
Emperor in Britain, defeated by Severus' cavalry. Committed suicide and his head, along with that of his wife and children, were sent off to Rome. 

Caracalla (c. 188 - 217)
born Lucius Septimius Bassianus later changed to Marcus Aurelius Antoninus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Pius Augustus
Severan, son of Severus and Julia Domna, co-ruled with his brother until his brothers death, severe sibling rivalry. Murdered his brother Geta at his own hands allegedly. was nicknamed after a style of long cloak. Executed 20,000 people to secure position and prevents Geta's allies from rivaling him after his brothers death. Extended Roman citizenship (and taxes) upon all males born free in the empire. Introduced antinius as a coin.

Geta (c. 189 - 211)
Publius Septimius Geta / Imperator Caesar Publius Septimius Geta Augustus
Severan, younger son of Severus and Julia Domna, killed by brother, shadowy figure of which little is known, may have been a good emperor but did not have support of military.

Macrinus (c. 165 - 218)
Marcus Opellius Macrinus / Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus
Failed to defeat the Parthians and supporters of Elagabalbus. People saw a comet in the sky and began rioting. Seeing this as am omen, Macrinus left Rome and face the Parthian Empire issues and the comet spelled his doom. He was captured and killed at Antioch.

Elagabalus (c. 204 -222)
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus / Imperator Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Pius Felix Augustus Proconsul
Severan, hereditary priest of the meteorite cult of the black rock of elagalbal, brought black rock to Rome and tried to make the pantheistic Romans monothiestic, also was a known transsexual who wanted to change genders and crossdressed and lived as a woman. The Frank N. Furter of Roman empoerers, did elaborate daily sacrifice to his rock, was too eccentric for even Roman rule. Frequented the brothels and was whored out by his handler the slave Heraclies. Was murdered by his guard who supported his cousin Alexander Severus and his mother and him were dragged the the main sewer of Rome before being tossed in the Tiber.

Severus Alexander (c. 208 - 235)
Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander / Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander Pius Felix Augustus
Severan, sent stone of Elagabal back to Syria. Stated reign as a regency under his mother and grandmother. They had trouble controlling the army but controlled Rome itself quite ably. Was unable to suppress the Persians. Was murdered clinging to his mother by Maximus' men from the Northern Legions. He forgot to be generous to the soldiers and this sealed his fate.

Maximus I (or Maximus Thrax) (c. 173? - 238)
Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus Thrax / Imperator Caesar Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
Common solider as emperor. Military successes at the cost of confiscations and extortion to support his war efforts against the Germans. Eventually made unpopular decision to take money from the children's and corn dole funds making himself incredibly unpopular.

Gordian I (c. 159 - 238)
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Antoninus Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus
.Became emperor at age of 80, chosen by aristocrats, killed himself when son who was co-ruler was killed by the Numidians

Gordian II (c. 192 - 238)
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Antoninus Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus
Co-ruled 20 days with his father. Cut down in warfare, causing his fathers suicide.

Balbinus (c.170? - 238)
Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus / Imperator Caesar Decius Caelius Calvinus Balbinus Pius Felix Augustus
Chosen by Senate in Rome, was elderly man with long standing record of public service. Not popular with Roman people. Senate created the Council of Twenty to assist the emperors at this time. Killed by Praetorian Guard

Pupienus (c. 175? - 238)
Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus Augustus
.Senior emperor to Balbinus, distinguished military career. Met same fate as co-emperor. Was humiliated, and mutilated with his co-leader, dragged through Rome and then killed in the Praetorian camp. People called for a Gordian emperor.

Gordian III (c. 225 - 244)
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius / Imperator Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius Felix Augustus
Teenage emperor, son of Gordian descent. Reign was overseen by his Praetorian leader, Timesitheus. Upon the death of Timesitheus, young Gordian asked troops to support him or Phillip the Arab who has been fomenting mutiny amongst the troops and blamed young emperors incompetence for supply problems. Troops killed Gordian when presented with a choice and supported Phillip the Arab who was from amongst their own ranks.

Philip I (the Arab) (c. 204 - 249)
Marcus Julius Philippus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Julius Phillipus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
Supported by the military. held famous games to celebrate Rome;s 1000th anniversary as a city. Was defeated by Decuis after a successful campaign by the latter versus the Goths along the Danube.

Trajanus Decius (c. 190 - 251)
Gaius Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius / Imperator Caesar Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
First emperor to die in battle with his enemies, the Goths, not known for their penchant for black eyeliner, but rather central European barbarians. Persecuted Christians.

Trebonianus Gallus (c. 206 - 253)
Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus / Imperator Caesar Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
Chosen by the soldiers and put to death with his young son by different soldiers..Ruled during plague epidemic and assured all Romans got proper burial for even the poorest Romans struck down by the plague like his own adopted son was.

Aemilian (c. 207? - 253)
Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
Ruled wisely with Senate after seizing power via military means. Killed after 88 days of reigning by his own troops. Completely insignificant and accomplished nothing of any significance either.

Valerian (c. 200? - 260)
Publius Licinius Valerianus / Imperator Caesar Publius Licinius Valerianus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
Persecuted Christians for not making Oath of loyalty. Co-ruled with his son, Gallenius. Undertook campaign against the Persians where he was used as a footstool by the Persian King after his defeat, he was skinned upon his death and his vermillion dyed skin was hung in Persia as a warning to futute Roman emperors. Christians saw his posthumous treatment and indigity as proof of the wrath of God for persecuting them.

Gallienus (c. 218 - 268)
Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus / Imperator Caesar Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
Undertook the Northern and Eastern frontiers in battle, successfully failed to turn the Goths at the Danube, eventually was overthrown by Postumus who had him put to death. Thus ended a very short-lived dynasty of Valerians.

Gallic Empire

Postumus (c. ? - 268)
Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Cassianus Latinius Postumus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
Gallic Emperor, made no attempt to March into Rome and focused on defending the Rhine territories. Was overthrown in Mainz by Laelianus

269
Laelianus (c. ? - 269)
Ulpius Cornelius Laelianus / Imperator Caesar Gaius Ulpius Cornelius Laelianus Pius Felix Augustus
Gallic Emperor, usurper, lost Mainz to Postumus, who refused to allow soldiers to pillage the city and was killed by his men. Had no time to accomplish a single thing. Never even went to Rome.

269
Marius (c. ? - 269)
Marcus Aurelius Marius / Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Marius Pius Felix Augustus
Gallic Emperor, allegedly a mere common solider or a blacksmith, died due to a personal quarrel and was strangled, held power at most two or three months as denoted by the coins minted under his reign. Had no time to accomplish a darn thing including going to Rome.

269 - 271
Victorinus (c. ? - 271)
Marcus Piavonius Victorinus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Piavonius Victorinus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
Gallic Emperor, reigned seven months, killed after propositioning the wife of one of his chosen officials and was a known womanizer and known for seducing the wives of other men. Not a nice man to invite to dinner parties unless you locked up the women.

271 - 274
Tetricus (c. ? - 274)
Caius Pius Esuvius Tetricus / Imperator Caesar Gaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus Felix Invictus Augustus
Gallic Emperor, governor of Aquitania, won office with the bribery of Victoria, mother of Victorinius. was a popular choice. Surrendered to Aurelian in 274 CE reuniting the Gallic Empire with the Roman Empire once more. Rome was ruled by Senate during this time and had many usupers to the throne and pretenders.

End of Gallic Empire

Claudius II Gothicus (c. 214 - 270)
Marcus Aurelius Valerius Claudius / Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Claudius Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
Continued work of reuniting the two Empires into one and otherwise had an non-noteworthy reign. Has the darling of historians for potentially being an ancestor of Constantine the Great and was awarded the title of Gothicus for subduing the Gothic tribes to the East. Broke with the powerful Queen Zenobia who took over Egypt and deprived Rome of her corn supply which Rome had relied upon since the time of Augustus Caesar. Succumbed to the plague.

Quintillus (c. ? - 270)
Marcus Aurelius Quintillus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus Invictus Pius Felix Augustus
Younger brother of the deified Claudius. Reign lasted between seventeen days to a couple of months. Committed suicide via bloodloss upon hearing of the support of the troops for Aurelian, commander of the cavalry.

Aurelian (c. 214 - 275)
Lucius Domitius Aurelianus / Imperator Caesar Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
Began the Aurelian Wall to defend Rome by invaders after Germans advanced as far as Paicenza. Turned back the Vandals and Sarmations who sued for peace across the Danube. Also reconquered Egypt and Asia Minor, defeating Queen Zenobia, who either died on her way to be displayed in Rome at Aurelians Triumph or was shown in the Triumph and then placed under house arrest in a villa near Tivoli where she lived out her days as a vanquished Princess. Cult of Sol Invictus popular under Aurelian, especially with soldiers and built new temple to the Unconquered Sun in Rome. Was murdered by his own aides for unknown reasons rumored to be the severity of extortion or a growing tendency towards cruelty. Consolidated the Roman empire and restored it to previous borders before Gallic Emperors.

Tacitus (c. ? - 276)
Marcus Claudius Tacitus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Claudius Tacitus Pius Felix Augustus
Chosen by Senate to co-rule, elederly man of no relation to the historian Tacitus. Achieved nothing Murdered.

Florianus (c.? - 276)
Marcus Annius Florianus Pius / Imperator Caesar Marcus Annius Florianus Pius Felix Augustus
Chosen by Senate to co-rule. Ruled for only two months and twenty days. Rule accomplished nothing noteworthy. Also murdered by the troops, third emperor killed in one year made Rome nearly fall to its knees.

Probus (c. 232 - 282)
Marcus Aurelius Equitius Probus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Probus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
.Restored Roman frontier on the Upper Danube and Rhine.Another emporer killed by fickle soldiers who chose sides based on the promises made to them and a money offered them.

Carus (c. 230? - 283)
Marcus Aurelius Numerius Carus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Carus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
Memb er of the officer corps which had chosen emporer for last 40 years. Installed son as Consul..

Carinus (c. ? - 285)
Marcus Aurelius Carinus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Carinus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
co-emperor with Numerianus, quite reviled by historians, was killed by troops alieneated for his alleged seductions of their wives and threw thweir support behind Diocletion

Numerianus(c. ? - 284)
Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus / Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Numerianus Pius Felix Augustus
co-emperor with Carinus, known best fro his widely acclaimaed poetry. Not a capable leader. died in warfare.

Diocletian (c. 240? - 305)
Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Jovius / Imperator Caesar Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
co-emperor with Maximian / House of Constantine, restructured Roman government and removed power from sentators and provinces, persecuted Christians vehemently. Ruled over Eastern empire, retired from public life to farm. Built even greater baths than Carcalla and built many buildings and public works in Rome.

Maximianus (c. ? - 308)
Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius / Imperator Caesar Gaius Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
co-emperor with Diocletian / House of Constantine, ruled over Western empire and also persecuted Christians for not being loyal to Roman state. Retired from public life as well

Britannic Empire

Carausius (c. ? - 293)
Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus
Emperor in Britannia

Allectus (c. ? - 297)
?
Emperor in Britannia

End of Britannic Empire

Constantius I Chlorus
(c. 250? - 306)
Flavius Valerius Constantius / Imperator Caesar Gaius Flavius Valerius Constantius Augustus
House of Constantine, known as "the plae", possibly had leukemia. Won victory over the Picts in Brittania. Installed Severus as his replacement when he died.

Galerius (c. 250? -311)
Caius Galerius Valerius Maximianus / Imperator Caesar Galerius Valerius Maximianus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
House of Constantine, originally co-ruler with Constantine I. Power-hungry, he died in power.

Severus II (c. ? - 307)
Flavius Valerius Severus / Imperator Severus Pius Felix Augustus
co-emperor with Galerius, senior emperor in the west.

Maxentius (c. 279 - 312)
Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius / Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
House of Constantine, ambivalent towards Christians and not popular emperor due to riot repression in Rome which killed thousands of Romans. died after falling off Milvian Bridge in battle with Constantine the Great and was unable to swim to safety.

Constantine I The Great (c. 285 - 337)
Flavius Valerius Constantinus / Imperator Caesar Flavius Constantinus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
House of Constantine, made Christianity the official religion of Rome and found new capital city of Empire in Constantinople in modern day Turkey (Istanbul). Had excellent spin doctors, was a capable military man and was able to charm the skin off of snakes with the gift of gab and manipulation. Had a son Crispinus, who died under mysterious circumstances and whose stepmother committed suicide in the bath. Rumored to have converted over guilt for their deaths. Did not persecute Pagans despite his own Christianity though he did give church lands and support. Was also a skilled administrator of the empire, switched tax burden to urban areas versus rural provinces but remained popular with the Christian minority. was baptisied shortly before his death.

Licinius (c. 250 - 325)
Valerius Licinianus Licinius / Imperator Caesar Gaius Valerius Licinius Pius Felix Invictus Augustus
Eastern emporer, caused all sorts of troubles for Constantine and eventually was defeated militarily and was hung to death with his sons.

Constantine II (c. 317 - 340)
Flavius Claudius Constantinus / Imperator Caesar Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus
House of Constantine, son of Constantine the Great.

Constantius II (c. 321 - 361)
Flavius Julius Constantius / Imperator Caesar Flavius Julius Constantinus Augustus
House of Constantine, youngest son of Constantine the Great, ruled the East

Constans I (c. 323 - 350)
Flavius Julius Constans / Imperator Caesar Flavius Julius Constans Augustus
House of Constantine, middle son of Constantine the Great. Ruled the middle of the emoire and eventually killed his brothers attempt to take over the rest of the empire and soon ruled all of the European Roman Empire.

Magnentius (c. 303 - 353)
Flavius Magnus Magnentius / Imperator Caesar Flavius Magnus Magentius Augustus
.

Julian I the Apostate (c. 332 - 363)
Flavius Claudius Julianus / Imperator Caesar Flavius Claudius Julianus Augustus
House of Constantine, tried to reinstate Paganism as state religion of Rome, unpopular with the Christians hence he earned the title "Apostate". Did not last long enough to achieve his goal of returning the empire back to paganism and emporer worship.

Jovian (c. 330 - 364)
Flavius Jovianus / Imperator Caesar Flavius Jovianus Augustus
.left no natural sucessor

Valentinian I (c. 321 - 375)
Flavius Valentinianus / Imperator Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus
House of Valentinian, emperor in the west, emperor from humble origin, founght against barbarians on the Danube and died of a stroke. Pro-Christian and anti-intellectual

Gratian (c. 359 - 383)
Flavius Gratianus / Imperator Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus
House of Valentinian, emperor in the west,"more pious than practical" as a ruler.

Valentinian II (c. 371 - 392)
Flavius Valentinianus / Imperator Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus
House of Valentinian, emperor in the west, was a child so was ruled over by Regents

Theodosius I The Great (c. 347 - 395)
Flavius Theodosius / Imperator Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus
Theodosian Dynasty / joint emperor in the west, emperor in the east

Magnus Maximus (c. 335 - 388)
Magnus Maximus
Rival in the west

Eugenius (c. ? - 394)
Flavius Eugenius
Usurper in the west

Honorius (c. 384 - 423)
Flavius Honorius
Theodosian Dynasty

Johannes (c. ? - 425)
.
.

Valentinian III (c. 419 - 455)
Flavius Placidus Valentinianus
Theodosian Dynasty

Petronius Maximus (c. 396 - 455)
Flavius Petronius Maximus
.

Avitus (c. 395 - 456)
Marcus Maecilius Flavius Eparchius
.

Majorian (c. ? - 461)
Julius Valerius Majorianus
.

Libius Severus (c. 461 - 465)
Libius Severus
.

Anthemius (c. 420 - 472)
Procopius Anthemius
.

Olybrius (c. ? - 472)
Ancius Olybrius
.

Glycerius (c. ? - 474)
.
.

Julius Nepos (c. ? - 480)
.
Emperor in the West until 475, Emperor in Dalmatia 477 - 480, technically the last western emperor

Romulus Augustulus (c. ? - ?)
.
.

Valens (c. 328 - 378)
Flavius Julius Valens / Imperator Caesar Flavius Julius Valens Augustus
House of Valentinian, emperor in the east, good civil adminstrator, horrible soldier. killed along with his troops.

Procopius (c. ? - 366)

usurper to Valens

Theodosius I The Great (c. 347 - 395)
Flavius Theodosius / Imperator Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus
Theodosian Dynasty / joint emperor in the west, emperor in the east, created new code of justice and law and defended the Christians. ended war with the Goths via peace treaty. Closed all pgan temples and

Arcadius (c. 377 - 408)
Flavius Arcadius / Imperator Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus
Theodosian Dynasty, eastern emporer, son of Theodosius.

Theodosius II (c. 401 - 450)
Flavius Theodosius / Imperator Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus
Theodosian Dynasty, became emporer at tender age of seven and was regent of his sisiter and wife for 40 years. Built walls around Constantinople.

Marcian (c. 392 - 457)
Flavius Marcianus / Imperator Caesar Flavius Marcianus Augustus
Theodosian Dynasty

Leo I The Great (c. 401 - 474)
Flavius Valerius Leo / Imperator Caesar Flavius Valerius Leo Augustus
.

Leo II (c. 467 - 474)
Flavius Leo / Imperator Caesar Flavius Leo Augustus
.

Zeno (c. ? - 491)
Flavius Zeno / Imperator Caesar Flavius Zeno Augustus
.

Basiliscus (c. ? - 476)
Flavius Basiliscus
Rival to Zeno

Anastasius (c. 430 - 518)
Flavius Anastasius

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